How to form intransitive verb (自動詞) and transitive verb (他動詞)

You might have learned the difference between transitive verb and intransitive verb, and probably it was not so difficult to understand the differences. However, you might have had difficulty remembering them. There are some rules to form transitive verb and intransitive verb. The following rules might help you to remember them:

1) All verbs that end with -aru are Intransitive verb , and you can form transitive verb by changing -aru with -eru.

In the list below, on the left is intransitive verb and on the right is transitive verb

Examples 1-1) - aru : -eru 閉まる　　閉める 終わる　　終える

変わる　　変える 始まる　　始める 上がる　　上げる 下がる　　下げる 集まる　　集める

止まる　　止める

曲がる　　曲げる 2) All verbs that end with -reru are intransitive verb

2-1) -reru : - su 倒れる　　倒す 汚れる　　汚す 壊れる　　壊す 隠れる　　隠す 2-2) -reru : -ru 割れる　　割る 破れる　　破る 売れる　　売る 切れる　　切る 3) All verbs that end with -su are transitive verb

3-1) -ru : -su 写る　　写す 返る　　返す 出る　　出す 直る　　直す 回る　　回す 戻る　　戻す 3-2) -eru : -asu 遅れる　　遅らす 逃げる　　逃がす 冷える　　冷やす 増える　　増やす 3-3) -u(≠-ru) : -asu 動く　　動かす 飛ぶ　　飛ばす 泣く　　泣かす 沸く　　沸かす 3-4) -iru : -osu 起きる　　起こす 落ちる　　落とす 降りる　　降ろす 4) One more rule 4-1) -u(≠-ru) : −eru 開く　　開ける 浮かぶ　　浮かべる 空く　　空ける 育つ　　育てる 立つ　　立てる 建つ　　建てる 付く　　付ける 続く　　続ける 届く　　届ける